Liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: noninvasive evaluation and correlation with cardiovascular disease and mortality

Liver fibrosis is critical for liver-related outcomes and mortality in chronic liver disease, irrespective of etiology, including nonalcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD). NAFLD has been viewed as an independent correlate cardiovascular risk. This review article briefly describes the cellular molecular pathomechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis. We then address noninvasive assessment Finally, we discuss published evidence supporting biomarkers’ role assessing risk among patients with NAFLD. While histological diagnostic standard fibrosis, specifically techniques, equations based on anthropometric parameters, laboratory indices, elastometry obtained imaging techniques. The former group includes AST: ALT ratio, Forns Index, AST-to-platelet ratio index score, BARD (BMI, AAR, Diabetes) fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-platelet Hepamet score. latter comprises elastographic techniques associated ultrasonography or magnetic resonance. Our literature identified numerous studies demonstrating that biomarkers (the most common being FIB-4) predict overall major events patients. mechanisms accounting this association are reviewed. In addition to at baseline, during follow-up, after therapeutic interventions patients, may these